White spot syndrome virus can survive and effect culture in ponds for four days while it can survive for a whole month in seawater. This results in transmission of disease across different ponds when birds carry and drop effected shrimps. Routes of transmission in shrimps is through horizontal and vertical transmission. For horizontal transmission: Asymptomatic shrimp, pool water, carrier, infected shrimp are the causes and for vertical transmission: If the virus is attached to the egg of offspring.

Loose Carapace

It is usually observed that stressors such as environment of the pond, stress conditions, eye-stalk ablation, changes in water conditions (Temperature, pH, salinity) cause such viruses to multiply across the pond. Shrimps that are affected at early stage, may or may not show the signs of white spot syndrome however, as the virus progresses, they exhibit more prominent signs such as reduced appetite, white spots, flesh detachment and lethargic movement.

As research has shown, there is no specific treatment for the white spot syndrome on shrimps however, it has been widely accepted that maintaining pond conditions extremely well, keeping water at regular salinity, choosing proper culture locations is extremely important for the prevention of such disease. Using NB Spotsol which contains natural and effective antimicrobial compounds can be proven to be highly effective as preventive mechanism.

Vibrio anguillarum belongs to one of the halophilic groups of Vibrios and survives at different salinities. it is able to survive in sea water for more than 50 months. More than twenty different serovars of V. anguillarum (designated 01 to 023) have been described (Pedersen et al., 1999). Serovars 01 and 02 occur world-wide and are those most often found in connection with diseases in fish particularly in salmonids and species of cod fish.

Sudden death

In a suspected vibriosis outbreak, your veterinarian will collect the deceased fish or a fish close to death to be submitted to a specific laboratory. The laboratory will perform bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing to identify the prominent bacteria present and which antibiotics it’s highly susceptible to. There are known bacterial resistance to antibiotics, so the culture and perceptivity testing are critical.

The best prevention for vibriosis is to identify and correct any implicit stressors in your aquarium. This may include Quarantining all new live additions for at least five weeks (includes plants, invertebrates and live rock) better preventive maintenance, feeding a more enhanced and balanced diet enriched with proper supplements, more balanced water conditions, or/and removing aggressive fish.

A low-stress and healthy environment is highly critical to prevent vibriosis outbreak. Generally available OTA antibiotics are not effective against vibriosis and only veterinarian specified treatment should be applied.